Tratamiento de la fractura corono-radicular no complicada de la corona: caso clínico / Treatment of non-complicated crown-root fracture: a clinical case

El trauma dentoalveolar se define como aquella lesión de extensión e intensidad variable y de ori- gen accidental o intencional, causada por fuerzas que actúan sobre el órgano dentario y los tejidos que lo rodean. Se puede diagnosticar a simple vista o con ayuda de la radiografía, se debe tratar sin demora para preservar la vitalidad de la pulpa, sobre todo en casos de niños y adolescentes, to- mando en cuenta la formación radicular. El trau- ma dental es motivo de urgencia por el dolor que provocan en los pacientes, la prevalencia varia del 26 al 76% de las lesiones dentales en dentición permanente (AU)

Incidencia de fracturas dentales reportadas en la Ciudad de Chihuahua durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Incidence of dental fractures reported in Chihuahua city during COVID-19 pandemic

Se presentan los casos de fracturas verticales sintomáticos que ameritaron la extracción de las órganos dentales afectados en un periodo de cinco meses durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en la ciudad de Chihuahua, México. Material y métodos: Se recolectaron 26 muestras para el estudio, proporcionadas por los cirujanos dentistas integrantes del Grupo de Egresados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Resultados: Los resultados muestran diferencias a lo reportado previamente respecto al tipo de diente involucrado, sexo de los pacientes, restauraciones coronales y tratamientos endodóncicos previos. Conclusiones: Se puede suponer que las modificaciones en el estilo de vida de la población, sumadas a la angustia permanente, pueden ser factores que contribuyen a las fracturas dentales (AU)

There are cases of symptomatic vertical fractures that warranted the extraction of affected teeth are presented, over a period of five months during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chihuahua City, Mexico. Material and methods: 26 samples were collected for the study, provided by the dentist who were members of the Graduate Group of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. Results: The results show differences from what was previously reported regarding the type of tooth involved, sex of patients, coronal restorations and previous endodontic treatments. Conclusions: It can be assumed that changes in the lifestyle of the population, added to permanent distress, may be factors to preserve dental fractures (AU)

Extrusión: una alternativa de tratamiento de la fractura corono-radicular / Extrusion: an alternative for the treatment of crown-root fracture

La extrusión dentaria o erupción forzada es una opción de tratamiento con enormes ventajas cuando nos vemos obligados a tratar fracturas corono-radiculares. Se define como el movimiento en dirección coronal a través de la aplicación de fuerzas ligeras y continuas para provocar cambios en los tejidos blandos y hueso. La extrusión dental forzada amplía las alternativas en cuanto a la rehabilitación futura del paciente, ya que se puede optar por la restauración periférica total con anclaje del resto radicular, o bien por la exodoncia posterior a la extrusión, con la consecuente mejoría de las condiciones del tejido óseo para una posterior rehabilitación implanto-asistida. Presentación de caso clínico, pieza dentaria 2.2 con fractura corono-radicular en la cual se realizó tratamiento de erupción forzada y rehabilitación protésica (AU)

Extrusion or forced eruption es a treatment option with enormous advantages when we are forced to treat crown-root fractures. It is defined as the movement in the coronal direction through the application of light and continuous forces to cause changes in the soft tissues and bone. Forced dental extrusion expands the alternatives regarding the future rehabilitation of the patient, since it is possible to choose either total peripheral restoration with anchoring of the radicular rest of the post-extrusion extraction, with the consequent improvement of bone tissue conditions for subsequent implant-assissted rehabilitation. Presentation of a case report: tooth 2.2 with a crown-root fracture in which forced eruption and prosthetic rehabilitation were performed (AU)

Evaluation of cases of concussion and subluxation in the permanent dentition: a retrospective study

Abstract Objectives This study evaluated the evolution of cases of concussion and subluxation through a retrospective study of 20 years. Material and Methods Were examined clinical and radiographic records of 1,309 patients who underwent treatment of dentoalveolar trauma in the discipline of Integrated Clinic of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, UNESP, of which we selected 137 whose patients had concussion and subluxation injuries, with average age of 23.3 (SD - 10.96). The variables collected were: gender, age, history of previous and actual trauma, treatments performed, the presence of necrotic pulp, and time elapsed until the same trauma. The concussion and subluxation groups were subjected to statistical analyses using the SPSS 16.0 version software (α=0.05), Chi-square, and t-tests. Results Of the 301 teeth involved, 49 (16.3%) suffered concussion and 252 (83.7%), subluxation, being the upper anterior teeth the most affected (75.1%) for both conditions. Subluxation and concussion traumas were more prevalent in men aged 10 to 20 years, most caused by cycling accidents (36.2%). There was a concomitant presence of crown fracture in 21% of cases of concussion and 34.7% of subluxation. Pulp necrosis was detected in 16.3% (concussion) and 27.1% (subluxation) (p=0.12), and most occurred within 6 months after the trauma (p=0.29). The pulp necrosis shows a positive correlation with motorcycle accidents (p=0.01), direct impact (p≤0.0001), crown fracture with pulp exposure (p≤0.0001), darkening of the crown (p=0.004) and spontaneous pain (p≤0.0001); and negative correlation with indirect impact (p≤0.0001). Conclusions Although concussion and subluxation traumas are considered of minor degrees, they must be monitored, since the possibility of pulp necrosis exists, and its early treatment favors a good prognosis.

Tooth fragment re-attachment in fracture with biological width violation: case

ABSTRACT: Dento-alveolar traumas are one of the most frequent injuries to teeth, mainly affecting the upper incisors due to their exposed position in the dental arch. In such cases, esthetics, function and phonetics of anterior teeth may be compromised. Furthermore, when there is involvement of the biological width, there is often a poor prognosis. This case report describes the multidisciplinary approach to tooth fragment re-attachment in a fracture with biological width violation. The patient presented with an oblique crown fracture in the maxillary right lateral incisor, extending from the buccal to palatal side, as well as a biological width invasion. The re-establishment of the biological width was obtained by periodontal surgery to achieve clinical-crown lengthening and tooth fragment re-attachment with a glass fiber post to increase retention. After 3 years of follow-up, the rehabilitated lateral incisor remains in good condition, with satisfactory esthetic and periodontal health.

Crown-Root Fractures in Primary Teeth: A Case Series Study of 28 Cases

Abstract Crown-root fractures in primary teeth are rare, with a wide variation of patterns that make diagnosis and treatment difficult. The aim of this study was to present a case series of crown-root fractures in primary teeth of children who attended a reference center. The study followed 28 cases of crown-root fractures in 26 children, representing 4% of the total number of attendees over 11 years of reference service at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. In most cases, the maxillary central incisors (85.7%) were involved. In the crown, 57.1% of the cases had a simple line of fracture, and 42.9% had multiple lines. Simple lines predominated in the root (89.3%). In cases with simple fracture lines in the crown, 37.6% underwent a total extraction, 31.2% required a partial extraction and 31.2% underwent pulpectomy. In most teeth with multiple lines of fractures in the crown, total extraction was performed (91.7%) All cases were followed-up until the eruption of the permanent successor tooth, and all patients had favorable outcomes.

Resumo Fraturas coronorradiculares em dentes decíduos são raras, com uma ampla variação de padrões que dificultam o diagnóstico e tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma série de casos de fraturas coronorradiculares na dentição decídua de crianças atendidas em um centro de referência. O estudo acompanhou 28 casos de fratura coronorradicular em 26 crianças, representando 4% do número total de participantes ao longo de 11 anos no serviço de referência na Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Na maioria dos casos, o incisivo central superior (85,7%) foi o mais envolvido. Na coroa, 57,1% dos casos tiveram linha de fratura simples, e 42,9% tiveram múltiplas linhas. As linhas simples predominaram na raiz (89,3%). Nos casos com linhas de fratura simples na coroa, 37,6% foram submetidos à extração total, 31,2% necessitaram de extração parcial e 31,2% de pulpectomia. A maioria dos dentes com múltiplas linhas de fratura na coroa, a extração total foi realizada (91,7%). Todos os casos foram acompanhados até a erupção do dente permanente sucessor, e todos os pacientes tiveram resultados favoráveis.

Trend of traumatic crown injuries and associated factors in preschool children

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess trends in traumatic crown injuries (TCIs), their prevalence, and association with socioeconomic and clinical factors in preschool children over a 5-year period. A series of cross-sectional surveys was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, on children attending a National Day of Children's Vaccination. The same protocol was used in all surveys conducted in 2008, 2010, and 2013. Clinical examinations were performed to evaluate types of traumatic crown injuries using the O'brien index. A semi-structured questionnaire was answered by the parents. It provided information about several socioeconomic factors as well as the parents' perception of their child's oral health. The chi-square for trends test was used to verify changes in TCI prevalence throughout the years. The association between socioeconomic and clinical factors with TCI was assessed by the Poisson regression analysis. A total of 1,640 children were examined. The prevalence of TCIs decreased significantly from 2008 to 2013 (10.12%; p < 0.001). Central incisors were the most vulnerable to injury, independent of the year. Moreover, older children and those with inadequate lip coverage were more likely to present with some traumatic dental injury (p < 0.001). prevalence of traumatic crown injuries decreased following the years, however TCI remain an important subject to consider when planning oral health policies.

Clinical and radiographic sequelae to primary teeth affected by dental trauma: a 9-year retrospective study

Abstract This retrospective study aimed at determining the predicted risks of clinical and radiographic complications in primary teeth following traumatic dental injuries, according to injury type, severity and child's age. Data were collected from records of children treated at a Dental Trauma Center in Brazil for nine years. Records of 576 children were included; clinical sequelae were assessed in 774 teeth, and radiographic sequelae, in 566 teeth. A total of 408 teeth (52.7%) had clinical sequelae and 185 teeth (32.7%), radiographic sequelae. The type of injury with the highest number of clinical sequelae was the crown-root fracture (86.4%). Clinical sequelae increased with injury severity (p < 0.001), whereas radiographic sequelae did not (0.236). The predicted risk of color change was 29.0% (95%CI 19-41) for teeth with enamel fracture, and 26.0% (95%CI 14-40) for teeth with enamel dentin fracture as well as enamel dentin pulp fracture. Risk of periapical radiolucency was higher for teeth with enameldentinpulp fracture (61.1% 95%CI 35-82) and those with subluxation (15.8% 95%CI 10-22). Risk of premature loss was 27.3% (95%CI 13-45) for teeth with extrusive luxation, and 10.2% (95%CI 5-17) for those with intrusive luxation. The assessment of predicted risks of sequelae showed that teeth with hard tissue trauma tended to present color change, periapical radiolucency and premature loss, whereas teeth with supporting tissue trauma showed color change, abnormal position, premature loss and periapical radiolucency as the most common sequelae. Knowledge about the predicted risks of complications may help clinicians establish appropriate treatment plans.

Complicaciones intra y postquirúrgicas de exodoncias en un programa de atención comunitaria de la FOUBA en Junín de los Andes / Intra and postsurgical tooth extraction complications at a FOUBA community dentistry program in Junin de los Andes

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la incidencia de complicaciones intra y postquirúrgicas de extracciones simples en 5 días de atención comunitaria en Junín de los Andes, provincia de Neuquén, Argentina. Se realizaron 109 extracciones dentales en 74 de los pacientes que concurrieron al centro único de atención, entre el 27 y 31 de octubre de 2014, presentando piezas dentarias con indicación de extracción. Las complicaciones más frecuentemente encontradas fueron la fractura de la tabla ósea vestibular, la fractura de la corona de la pieza dentaria y el dolor posoperatorio. Complicaciones de frecuencia intermedia fueron el trismus, la alveolitis, la laceración de los tejidos blandos y la fractura de la raíz de la pieza dentaria. Se registró un caso de hemorragia primaria y una inyección accidental dentro de un vaso sanguíneo. Cuando se comparó estadísticamente la presencia de complicaciones pre y posquirúrgicas entre cirugías que duraron menos de 30 minutos y 30 minutos más, se encontró una asociación significativa; para ambas complicaciones, el porcentaje fue mayor en el segundo grupo. La práctica de extracciones simples ocasionalmente conlleva tener que manejar complicaciones. Es importante que el odontólogo general sea capaz de prevenirlas, diagnosticarlas y tratarlas. Reducir los tiempos operatorios parecería ser una medida clave para disminuir las probabilidades de aparición de complicaciones intra y posquirúrgicas.

The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of intra and postoperative complications of simple extractions in 5 days of community care in Junín de los Andes, province of Neuquén, Argentina. A total of 109 dental extractions were performed in 74 patients who attended the single care center between October 27 and 31, 2014, presenting teeth with indication of extraction. The most frequent complications were the fracture of the buccal bone table, the fracture of the crown of the tooth and the postoperative pain. Complications of intermediate frequency were trismus, alveolitis, laceration of the soft tissues and fracture of the root of the tooth. There was a case of primary haemorrhage and an accidental injection into a blood vessel. When statistically comparing the presence of pre and postsurgical complications between surgeries that lasted less than 30 minutes and 30 minutes more, a significant association was found; for both complications, the percentage was higher in the second group. The practice of simple extractions occasionally entails having to handle complications. It is important that the general dentist be able to prevent, diagnose and treat them. Reducing operative times seems to be a key measure to decrease the chances of intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Orthodontic extrusion of subgingivally fractured tooth using a removable appliance: An alternative treatment to reestablish biological width.

Restoration of a traumatically injured tooth presents a clinical challenge for a predictable aesthetic outcome. This case report describes a multidisciplinary approach of a subgingivally fractured permanent maxillary central incisor. A removable orthodontic appliance was used for orthodontic extrusion of root, and surgical gingival recontouring was done with electrocautery to reestablish the biological width. Form and function were restored establishing biological width and esthetics was repaired with porcelain fused to metal crown.

Fracturas coronarias con exposición pulpar: reporte de tres casos clínicos en diferentes edades / Crown fractures with pulp exposure: report of three clinical cases at different ages

Los traumatismos dentarios son la causa más frecuente de daño en los dientes anteriores. Las fracturas coronarias con pulpa expuesta representan entre el 18 al 20 por ciento de las lesiones traumáticas que involucran las piezas dentarias. En esta comunicación clínica, los autores muestran un tratamiento preventivo: técnica de Cvek, que evita que los dientes afectados llegen a un tratamiento endodóntico total

Association between Trauma to Primary Incisors and Crown Alterations in Permanent Successors

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sequelae in permanent teeth that had their predecessors traumatized and investigate associated factors. The study was carried out with clinical and radiographic data from 137 patient charts of the Traumatized Patient Care Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil), totalizing 253 teeth. Data were gathered on gender, age at the time of trauma, type of trauma, type of post-trauma sequelae, trauma recurrence and crown alteration in the permanent successors. No statistically significant associations were found between permanent successor's crown alteration and gender, age at the time of trauma, post-trauma sequelae or trauma recurrence (p>0.05). Significant associations were found between severe trauma (crown fracture with pulp exposure, lateral luxation, intrusion and extrusion) in the primary incisors and permanent successor's crown alteration (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed an association between severe trauma to the primary incisors and permanent successor's crown alteration (OR: 4.1 - IC: 1.7-10.1). Alterations in the crown of permanent successors are associated with severe trauma to the primary incisors, as primary teeth affected by severe trauma have a fourfold greater chance of exhibiting permanent successor crown alteration in comparison to primary teeth that had minor trauma.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de sequelas nos dentes permanentes, em crianças que tiveram o seu antecessor traumatizado e os fatores associados. O estudo foi realizado com dados clínicos e radiográficos de 173 prontuários de pacientes do Programa de Assistência ao Paciente Traumatizado, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brasil), totalizando 253 dentes. Os dados coletados foram: gênero, idade no momento do trauma, tipo de trauma, tipo de sequelas pós-trauma, recorrência de trauma e alteração na coroa dos sucessores permanentes. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre alteração na coroa do sucessor permanente e gênero, idade no momento do trauma, sequela pós-trauma e recorrência de trauma (p>0,05). Foram encontradas associações significativas entre trauma grave (fratura coronária com exposição pulpar, luxação lateral, intrusão e extrusão) nos incisivos decíduos e o sucessor permanente com alteração na coroa (p<0,05). A análise multivariada revelou uma associação entre trauma grave nos incisivos decíduos e alteração no sucessor permanente (OR: 4.1- IC: 1,7-10,1). Alterações na coroa dos sucessores permanentes estão associadas com trauma grave nos incisivos decíduos. Dentes decíduos acometidos por trauma grave têm quatro vezes mais chance de apresentar alteração na coroa do permanente em comparação com trauma leve.

Abordagem multidisciplinar para o tratamento das sequelas de uma reabsorção radicular cervical / Multidisciplinary approach for treatment of cervical root resorption lesions

O presente trabalho relata o tratamento clínico integrado de uma seqüela de reabsorção cervical que evoluiu para fratura da coroa dentária, com a invasão do espaço biológico periodontal. Paciente de 14 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, relatando trauma no incisivo lateral direito na infância, apresentava sinais de reabsorção cervical severa, com comprometimento abaixo da junção esmalte-cemento associada a calcificação pulpar parcial. O exame clínico-radiográfico inicial sugeriu prognóstico duvidoso para o caso clínico, no entanto, uma extrusão ortodôntica radicular propiciou nova acomodação dos tecidos periodontais, além da exposição radicular adequada para reabilitação protética. O acompanhamento clínico evidenciou reabilitação protética associada à saúde periodontal, concluindo-se que a abordagem clínica multidisciplinar foi a chave para a resolução do problema.

The present study reports the clinical treatment of cervical root resorption lesions that progressed to crown fracture with biological width invasion. A 14-year-old male patient, reporting a dental trauma of the maxillary right lateral incisor presented signs of severe cervical root resorption with involvement of cemento-enamel junction associated with a partial pulp calcification. The initial clinical-radiographic suggested a doubtful prognosis. However, orthodontic root extrusion for six months improved the periodontal tissues and exposed properly the root for prosthetic rehabilitation. Clinical follow-up showed a satisfactory prosthetic rehabilitation associated with an excellent periodontal health, allowing us to conclude that the multidisciplinary approach was the key to solve the problem.

Crown dilaceration in permanent teeth after trauma to the primary predecessors: report of three cases

Crown dilaceration of permanent teeth occurs due to the non-axial displacement of the already formed hard tissue portion of the developing crown at an angle to their longitudinal axis due to trauma to the primary predecessors. This is a rare condition, representing only 3% of the total of injuries to developing teeth and usually occurs in permanent maxillary incisors because of the close proximity of their tooth germs to the primary incisors, which are more susceptible to trauma. This alteration frequently results from the intrusion of a primary tooth when the child is around 2 years of age, at which time half of the crown of the permanent successor is already formed. Teeth with dilacerated crowns may either erupt with buccal or lingual displacement or remain impacted. The treatment may involve endodontic, orthodontic, restorative and prosthetic procedures. This paper reports the restorative treatment proposed to reestablish the esthetics and function of the affected teeth in three cases of crown dilaceration in permanent maxillary incisors after trauma to their primary predecessors.

Conservative and aesthetic emergency management in adolescent with complex crown-root fracture and simultaneous oblique root fracture in upper maxillary central incisor: clinical outcome after 18 months follow-up period / Manejo de urgencia conservador y estético en adolescente con fractura corono radicular complicada y fractura radicular oblicua simultanea en incisivo central maxilar: resultado clínico después de 18 meses de seguimiento y control

Emergency treatment of 11- years-old female patient, presenting a complicated crown root fracture, which simultaneously presented oblique root fracture in the maxillary right central incisor. In order to expose the subgingival extension of the fracture, it was necessary to raise a mucoperiosteal flap. In light of pulp exposure, and prior to the repositioning of fragments with adhesive composite resin technique, Cvek pulp therapy was performed . Despite the existence of a 4-5 mm subgingival extension, neither surgical nor orthodontic extrusion of the root fragment was performed due to the presence of intra-alveolar oblique root fracture without displacement. Minimally invasive and conservative clinical management is basic, namely due to the great capacity of pulp healing in young permanent teeth, the absence of displacement between fragments of root fracture, and great capacity of adhesion and tensile strength of current adhesive systems. Clinical and radiographic controls over the first 18 months have shown an excellent pulp response, with some minor periodontal complications in relation to the biological width invasion and an adequate functional and aesthetic result.

Se presenta el tratamiento de emergencia de una adolescente, sexo femenino, de 11 años de edad que sufre una fractura corono radicular complicada compleja, y que en forma simultánea presenta fractura radicular oblicua en incisivo central superior derecho. Para exponer la extension subgingival de la fractura, fue necesario levantar un colgajo mucoperióstico. Debido a la exposición pulpar, y previo a la reposición de fragmentos con técnica adhesiva de resina composite, se realizó una terapia pulpar de Cvek. A pesar de existir una extensión subgingival de 4-5 mm, no se realizó la extrusión quirúrgica ni ortodóncica del fragmento radicular debido a la presencia de fractura radicular oblicua intra-alveolar sin desplazamiento. El manejo clínico conservador y de mínima invasión es fundamentado principalmente por la alta capacidad de de cicatrización pulpar en dientes permanentes jóvenes, la ausencia de desplazamiento entre los fragmentos de la fractura radicular, y la alta capacidad de adhesión y resistencia a la tracción de los sistemas adhesivos actuales. Los controles clínicos y radiográficos durante estos primeros18 meses han mostrado una excelente respuesta pulpar, solo algunas complicaciones periodontales menores en relación a la invasión del ancho biológico y una adecuado resultado funcional y estético.

An interdisciplinary approach to reconstruct a fractured tooth under an intact all ceramic crown: Case report with four years follow up.

Trauma causing the fracture of a restored tooth with the extracoronal full coverage prosthesis remaining intact is a common occurrence in dental practice. Reconstruction of the damaged tooth foundation and recementation of the crown can pose quite a challenge for the restorative dentist. This case report describes an innovative interdisciplinary chairside technique for the recementation of an all-ceramic crown on a fractured maxillary central incisor. The course of care described is effective, affordable, and saves time in comparison with other treatment options for such clinical situations.

Non-surgical management of a mutilated maxillary central incisor with open apex and large periapical lesion.

A 24-year-old female patient reported with a mutilated maxillary left central incisor. The coronal tooth structure remaining was very less, discolored, and brittle. She gave history of trauma about 15 years back when the tooth got fractured. An intraoral periapical radiograph revealed an open apex and a large periapical lesion. The case was managed successfully by conservative means using intracanal calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical barrier followed by a fiber post and a core. The final crown restored back esthetics and function. A 6-month follow-up demonstrated a clinically asymptomatic and adequately functional tooth, with radiological signs of healing.

Clinical management of a complicated crown-root fracture: a case report

This report describes the clinical procedures involved in the treatment of a complicated crown-root fracture in the maxillary left central incisor with a wide open apex of a 10-year-old male patient, due to fall from his own height. Post-trauma treatment comprised cervical pulpotomy and adhesive tooth fragment reattachment. After 1 year, clinical and radiograph examinations showed pulp necrosis and an associated periapical lesion. Endodontic therapy with calcium hydroxide-base intracanal dressing, root canal filling and orthodontic extrusion were performed. Extrusion was completed within approximately 16 weeks and the tooth was restored with a post-core system and a prosthetic crown. After a 3 years of follow-up, there was no evidence of apical periodontitis and the tooth was satisfactory both esthetically and functionally.

Este relato de caso apresenta os procedimentos clínicos envolvidos no tratamento de um caso de fratura corono-radicular complicada de um incisivo superior esquerdo com ápice aberto de um paciente de 10 anos de idade devido à queda da própria altura. O tratamento envolveu pulpotomia cervical e fixação do fragmento. Após 1 ano, os exames clínicos e radiográficos demonstraram necrose pulpar e lesão perirradicular associada. O tratamento endodôntico foi realizado com a utilização de pasta de hidróxido de cálcio, obturação endodôntica e extrusão ortodôntica. Após aproximadamente 16 semanas, o processo de extrusão foi finalizado e o dente restaurado com pino e coroa protética. Após acompanhamento de 3 anos, não havia evidência de lesão perirradicular e o dente estava estética e funcionalmente satisfatório.